How to Read a Crochet Pattern: Abbreviations & Symbols Explained
A beginner's guide to crochet pattern abbreviations, asterisks, and stitch counts — learn how to decode any crochet pattern like a pro.
If you've ever opened a crochet pattern and felt like you were reading a foreign language, you're not alone. Patterns are written in a dense shorthand to save space, but once you learn the system, any pattern becomes readable.
Common Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Meaning | | --- | --- | | ch | chain | | sc | single crochet | | hdc | half double crochet | | dc | double crochet | | tr | treble crochet | | sl st | slip stitch | | st(s) | stitch(es) | | rep | repeat | | sk | skip | | inc | increase | | dec | decrease | | MR | magic ring | | RS / WS | right side / wrong side |
Understanding Asterisks and Brackets
Patterns often repeat a sequence multiple times within a row. Instead of writing it out fully, they use asterisks or brackets:
*sc in next 2 sts, ch 1*, repeat from * to * around.
This means: work "sc in next 2 sts, ch 1" over and over until you reach the end of the round.
Brackets with a multiplier work the same way:
[dc, ch 2, dc] 4 times
Means work that bracketed sequence exactly 4 times.
Reading Row/Round Counts
A number in parentheses at the end of a row, like (24), tells you the total stitch count you should have after completing that row. This is the single most useful tool for catching mistakes early — always count your stitches against this number before moving to the next row.
Right Side vs. Wrong Side
Many patterns alternate instructions for RS (right side, the "front" of your work) and WS (wrong side) rows, especially in stitch patterns like the mesh or shell stitch. Mark your right side with a small scrap of yarn or a stitch marker on row 1 so you never lose track.
Gauge Swatches Matter
Before starting a garment pattern, always crochet a small gauge swatch and measure it against the pattern's stated gauge (usually given as "X stitches and Y rows = 4 inches"). Skipping this step is the #1 reason finished garments come out the wrong size.
Putting It Together
Once you can decode abbreviations, repeats, and stitch counts, you can follow almost any crochet pattern regardless of the designer's individual style. Start with a small project — like our Chunky Ribbed Beanie — to practice reading a full pattern from start to finish.